Is There a Link Between Breast Cancer and Chronic Inflammation?

SOURCES:

Journal of Clinical Oncology: “Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation Are Associated With Reduced Survival Among Breast Cancer Patients.”

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: “Inflammatory Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Future Potential for Intervention Research.”

Current Pharmaceutical Design: “Inflammation Fuels Tumor Progress and Metastasis.”

Cynthia Lynch, MD, medical oncologist, breast cancer program clinical advisor, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Phoenix, AZ.

Naoto Tada Ueno, MD, PhD, section chief, translational breast cancer research, breast medical oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

Oncotarget: “Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs.”

Tina J. Hieken, MD, surgical oncologist, Mayo Clinic; professor of surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.

Scientific Reports: “The Microbiome of Aseptically Collected Human Breast Tissue in Benign and Malignant Disease.”

Molecules: “The Microbiome and Its Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy.”

The Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health, University of Washington: “Fast Facts About the Human Microbiome.”

Johns Hopkins Medicine: “Fecal Transplantation (Bacteriotherapy).”

News Release, Australian Science Media Centre Inc.

National Center for Biotechnology Information: “StatPearls: Chronic Inflammation.”

Mayo Clinic: “How much should the average adult exercise every day?”

American Cancer Society: “Alcohol Use and Cancer.”

PLOS ONE: “The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study.”

Scripps Health: “Six Keys to Reducing Inflammation.”